black spot on tonsil

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Can you have cancer in tonsils? We include products that we believe are useful to our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we can win a small commission. Tonile cancer is a type of oropharyngeal cancer. These cancers affect the mouth and throat. Oral and , like amygdala, fall under the broader category of head and neck cancers. The infection with (PHV) appears and affects the prognosis of tonsil cancer. According to (NIH), the number of cases of tonsil cancer appears to be increasing, possibly due to an increase in HPV infections. NIH notes that up to 93% of people in Western Europe with newly diagnosed throat and mouth cancers also tested positive for HPV. The tonsils are part of the immune system. They are the body against bacteria and viruses that enter the mouth and throat. Like other cancers, tonsil cancer is more likely to respond to the early treatment. Getting a diagnosis at an early stage increases the possibility of successful treatment and recovery. Below, we describe symptoms of tonsil cancer, treatment and prospects. Tonile cancer begins when cancer cells develop in tonsils. It can occur in people who have had their tonsils removed, as it often keeps some amygmic tissue after surgery. Drinking alcohol, smoking and HPV seems to increase the risk. The tonsils sit at the back of the throat, one at each side. They consist of lymphoid tissue, which contains lymphocytes, cells that fight the disease. tonsils capture and destroy bacteria and viruses. They can change in size and often swell with blood to help catch germs, like when a person has a cold. The throat cancer is another type of oropharyngeal cancer. Some people have symptoms until tonsil cancer has begun to spread. When symptoms occur, they may look like other diseases, such as or . Here are some that may indicate tonsil cancer: See a doctor if any of these symptoms last longer than 2 weeks. Several factors seem to increase the risk of tonsil cancer. According to the American Head and Neck Society, they include: Environmental Factors: These include the use of tobacco products and alcohol intake. Virus: People with HPV or may have a higher risk of tonsil cancer. Age and sex: In the past, people who received a diagnosis of tonsil cancer used to be men and over 50 years old. However, the relationship between age and tonsil cancer may vary, based on HPV status. Positive HPV cancers tend to appear in people with the infection who are younger and do not smoke. Is there a link between HPV and HIV? A doctor will ask a person about: They will look at the mouth and throat and feel for lumps and anything else unusual. If the doctor thinks there's a chance of tonsil cancer, they'll see a specialist. The specialist may perform other tests, including: Laboratory tests: Blood and urine tests may show changes that may indicate cancer. Laryngoscopy: This implies that the doctor passes a thin tube that contains a light and a camera in the throat to look for something unusual. Image tests: These may include a CT scan, , or X-ray. They can detect internal changes, including those that may indicate that cancer has spread. Biopsy: The doctor will take a small amount of tissue to examine it under a microscope. This is the only way to confirm whether cancer cells are present. If the cancer is present, the doctor will have to evaluate: This information helps doctors determine the best treatment. StadiumsAmygdala cancer is: Stage 0: There have been changes in cells that increase the risk of becoming cancerous. These are precancerous cells, but they are not cancer. They haven't spread. Localized: There are cancer cells in tonsils, but they have not spread. The diameter is less than 2 centimeters (cm) at this stage, which is also called . Regional: Cancer has spread to nearby tissues. The tumor is greater than 2 cm, and can be more than 4 cm wide. It may also have spread to a nearby lymph node or epiglottis. Distant: Cancer has spread to other structures, such as the mouth or jaw. As it progresses, it will affect other parts of the body, such as the lungs and the liver. Treatment for tonsil cancer depends on the stage and extent of the cancer. Surgery A surgeon usually removes precancer cells or the tumor. They may need to remove tonsils and additional tissue around the tumor to reduce the risk of leaving the cancer tissue behind. Depending on the extent of treatment, a person may need to restore his or her teeth, as well as his or her voice and other functions. Radiation therapy A doctor may recommend this to shrink a tumor before surgery or to help kill any remaining cancer cells after surgery. can stop the growth of a tumor or kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy This uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells, slow their spread or reduce the size of a tumor to facilitate removal. A person may need along with radiation therapy for mouth and throat cancers. Chemotherapy kills cancer cells, but it also damages healthy cells. For this reason, it may have serious adverse effects. If the diagnosis occurs at a later stage, a doctor combines chemotherapy and radiation therapy without extensive surgery. Targeted therapyEmerging cancer cells in a precise and selective way. For this reason, targeted therapy may have less side effects than chemotherapy. Complications Depending on the scope of the procedure, surgery in the mouth and throat can cause a number of complications. The organs of this region are responsible for key functions, such as breathing, digestion and speech. A person may need help to perform these functions after treatment. They may need: Palliative Care A person with advanced cancer will need additional support. If the elimination of cancer is not an option, and cancer has spread to other parts of the body, a person will receive palliative care. Treatment at this stage will focus on relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life of the person. This will involve medications to relieve pain. Counseling and other types of support may also be available. Tonile cancer is relatively rare, and living with a rare form of cancer can be difficult. Understanding what is happening and what to expect from treatment can facilitate the process. Doctors use statistics to calculate the average probability of a person to survive for 5 or more years after a cancer diagnosis. For tonsil cancer, the survival rate seems to depend on the person's HPV status. As a result, they determined the following general 5-year survival rates for people with tonsil cancer: However, smokers appear to have non-smoking, regardless of their HPV status. Other factors that impact the perspective include: Anyone who notices persistent swelling or other changes in or around their tonsils should see a doctor. Finding cancer at its early stages often means it's easier to treat. This improves the chances of recovery. Some risk factors for tonsil cancer are preventable. People can reduce their risk by:Developed products to help people are available for . about HPV and how to prevent it. Q: I have had tonsil stones in the past. Does this increase the risk of tonsil cancer? A:Although some symptoms of tonsil stones may be similar to those of tonsil cancer, tonsil stones are not a known risk factor for tonsil cancer. Yamini Ranchod, Doctor, MS Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informative and should not be considered as medical advice. Last medical review on August 23, 2019Most recent newsRelated coverage

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